Salmonella ikirasi ye gram-negative enterobacteria mumhuri Enterobacteriaceae.Muna 1880, Eberth akatanga kuwana Salmonella typhi.Muna 1885, Salmon yakaparadzanisa Salmonella cholera munguruve.Muna 1988, Gartner akaparadzanisa Salmonella enteritidis kubva kuvarwere vane acute gastroenteritis.Uye muna 1900, kirasi yacho yakanzi Salmonella.
Parizvino, zviitiko zvechepfu yeSalmonella zvakaparadzirwa pasi rose uye chiitiko chiri kuwedzera gore negore.
Pathogenic maitiro
Salmonella ibhakitiriya reGram-negative rine tsvimbo pfupi, kukura kwemuviri (0.6 ~ 0.9) μm × (1 ~ 3) μm, zvose zvinopera zvakatenderedzwa, izvo zvisingagadziri mapods uye budding spores.Ne flagella, Salmonella inofamba.
Bhakitiriya harina zvakakwirira zvinodiwa pakudya, uye tsika yekuzviparadzanisa inowanzoshandisa intestinal inosarudza yekuziva svikiro.
Mumuto, svikiro rinoita turbid robva ranaya mukati meagar medium mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana incubation kuti ibudise tumakoroni twakatsetseka, twakakwira zvishoma, denderedzwa, grey-white.Ona Mifananidzo 1-1 uye 1-2.
Mufananidzo 1-1 Salmonella pasi pemaikorosikopu mushure mekusvibiswa kweGram
Mufananidzo 2-3 Colony morphology yeSalmonella pane chromogenic medium
Epidemiological features
Salmonella inoparadzirwa zvakanyanya muzvisikwa, vanhu nemhuka dzakadai senguruve, mombe, mabhiza, hwai, huku, madhadha, hanzi, nezvimwewo.
Salmonella shoma dzine mauto anosarudza, akadai seSalmonella abortus mumabhiza, Salmonella abortus mumombe, uye Salmonella abortus mumakwai anokonzera kubvisa pamuviri mumabhiza, mombe, uye makwai zvichitevedzana;Salmonella typhimurium inorwisa nguruve chete;imwe Salmonella haidi mauto epakati, uye inopararira nyore nyore pakati pemhuka nemhuka, mhuka nevanhu, uye vanhu kuburikidza nenzira dzakananga kana dzisina kunanga.
Nzira huru yekutapurirana kweSalmonella ndiyo nzira yekugaya, uye mazai, huku, uye zvigadzirwa zvenyama ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera salmonellosis.
Utachiona hweSalmonella muvanhu nemhuka hunogona kunge husina zviratidzo nehutachiona kana hunogona kuratidza sechirwere chinouraya chine zviratidzo zvekiriniki, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mamiriro echirwere, kuwedzera huwandu hwerufu kana kuderedza kubereka kwemhuka.
Iyo pathogenicity yeSalmonella inoenderana zvakanyanya nerudzi rweSalmonella uye mamiriro emuviri wemunhu anoidya.Salmonella cholera ndiyo yakanyanya pathogenic munguruve, inoteverwa neSalmonella typhimurium, uye Salmonella dhadha ishoma pathogenic;vanonyanya kutyisidzirwa vana, vakwegura, uye immunodeficient vanhu, uye kunyange kushoma kuwanda kana kushoma pathogenic strains anogona achiri kukonzera chikafu chepfu uye zvakatonyanya kukomba zviratidzo zvekiriniki.
Njodzi
Salmonella ndiyo inonyanya kukosha zoonotic pathogen mumhuri yeEnterobacteriaceae uye ine chiitiko chepamusoro chekudya kwebhakitiriya chepfu.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention yakashuma kuti Salmonella yakakonzera 33 ye84 bhakitiriya chepfu yezvokudya zviitiko zvakaitika muUnited States muna 1973, kuverenga nhamba yepamusoro yezvokudya zvekudya ne2,045 chepfu.
Chirevo chegore re 2018 pamusoro pemaitiro uye zvitubu zvezoonoses zvakaburitswa neEuropean Food Safety Authority uye European Center for Disease Prevention and Control inoratidza kuti inenge 1/3 yezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekudya muEU inokonzerwa neSalmonella uye kuti salmonellosis ndiyo yechipiri zvakanyanya. kazhinji yakashumwa chirwere chemudumbu chevanhu muEU (91,857 kesi dzakashumwa), mushure me campylobacteriosis (246,571 kesi).Salmonella chepfu yechikafu inodarika makumi mana muzana yehupfu hwekudya kwebhakitiriya mune dzimwe nyika.
Chimwe chezviitiko zvikurusa zvepasi rose zvehuturu hwechikafu chesalmonella chakaitika muna 1953 apo vanhu 7,717 vakaiswa muchetura uye makumi mapfumbamwe vakafa muSweden nekudya nyama yenguruve yakasvibiswa neS. typhimurium.
Salmonella inotyisa, uye muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva nzira yekudzivirira hutachiona uye nekuiparadzira?
1.Simbisa utsanana hwekudya uye kutungamira kwezvigadzirwa.Chengetedza nyama, mazai, uye mukaka kuti zvisasvibiswa panguva yekuchengetedza.Usadye nyama mbishi, hove, uye mazai.Musadya nyama yehuku inorwara kana yakafa kana yezvipfuwo.
2.Sezvo nhunzi, mapete nemakonzo vari vamiririri pakutapurirwa kweSalmonella.Naizvozvo, tinofanira kuita basa rakanaka rokuparadza nhunzi, makonzo, nemapete kudzivirira zvokudya kuti zvisasvibiswa.
3.Shandura tsika dzakaipa dzekudya uye mararamiro ekuvandudza immune system yako.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-03-2023