Shigella imhando ye gram-negative bacteria inokonzera shigellosis, chirwere chakanyanya chemanyoka chinogona kutyisa hupenyu kana chikasarapwa.Shigellosis idambudziko rakakura rehutano hweveruzhinji, kunyanya munyika dzichiri kusimukira dzine hutsanana uye hutsanana husina kunaka.
Iyo pathogenesis yeShigella yakaoma uye inosanganisira akawanda virulence zvinhu, kusanganisira kukwanisa kwebhakitiriya kupinda uye kudzokorora mukati memukati epithelium.Shigella inogadzirawo muchetura wakawanda, unosanganisira Shiga toxin uye lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, inogona kukonzera kuzvimba, kukuvara kwetishu, uye dysentery.
Zviratidzo zveshigellosis zvinowanzotanga nemanyoka, fivha, uye mazamu emudumbu.Manyoka anogona kunge aine mvura kana kubuda ropa uye anogona kuperekedzwa nemakonzo kana urwa.Muzviitiko zvakakomba, shigellosis inogona kukonzera kupera mvura mumuviri, kusaenzana kwe electrolyte, uye kunyange kufa.
Kutapurirana kweShigella kunoitika zvakanyanya kuburikidza nefecal-yemuromo nzira, kazhinji nekudya chikafu chine hutachiona kana mvura kana kusangana nenzvimbo kana zvinhu zvakasvibiswa.Utachiona hunogonawo kuparadzirwa kuburikidza nemunhu-kune-munhu kusangana, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakazara kana dzisina hutsanana.
Mumakore achangopfuura, hutachiona hweShigella hwakaramba huchikonzera dambudziko rehutano hweveruzhinji pasi rose.World Health Organisation (WHO) yakaziviswa musi wa 4 Kukadzi 2022 nezvehuwandu hwakanyanya husinganzwisisike hwenyaya dzechirwere chisingarape mishonga (XDR) Shigella sonnei dzakataurwa kuUnited Kingdom neNorthern Ireland nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda muEuropean Region kubvira. mukupera kwa 2021. Kunyange zvazvo zvirwere zvakawanda neS. sonnei zvichikonzera nguva pfupi yechirwere uye kufa kwechirwere chepasi, multi-drug resistant (MDR) uye XDR shigellosis idambudziko rehutano hwevanhu sezvo nzira dzokurapa dzakanyanya kuderera kune zviitiko zviri pakati nepakati kusvika zvakanyanya.
Shigellosis inopararira munyika zhinji dzine mari yakaderera kana yepakati (LMICs) uye ndiyo honzeri huru yemanyoka ane ropa pasi rose.Gore rega rega, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinokonzeresa 80 miriyoni zviitiko zvemanyoka ane ropa uye 700 000 nzufu.Zvinenge zvose (99%) Shigella zvirwere zvinowanikwa muLMICs, uye ruzhinji rwezviitiko (~ 70%), uye zverufu (~ 60%), zvinoitika pakati pevana vasati vasvika makore mashanu.Inofungidzirwa kuti <1% yezviitiko zvinorapwa muchipatara.
Pamusoro pezvo, kubuda kwemhando yeShigella isingarambiki nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwave kunetsa, nematunhu mazhinji ari kutaura kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekupokana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa kurapa shigellosis.Kunyange zvazvo kuedza kwekuvandudza hutsanana uye maitiro ehutsanana uye kukurudzira kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya iri kuitika, kuenderera mberi kuchenjerera nekubatana munharaunda yehutano hwepasi rose kunodiwa kugadzirisa dambudziko rinoramba riripo reShigella zvirwere.
Kurapa shigellosis kunowanzobatanidza mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, asi kuramba kumishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inowanzoshandiswa.Nokudaro, matanho ekudzivirira, akadai sekuvandudza hutsanana uye maitiro ehutsanana, kuve nechokwadi chekudya chakachengeteka nemvura, uye kukurudzira kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, zvakakosha pakudzora kupararira kweShigella uye kuderedza kuitika kwe shigellosis.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-15-2023